Keywords
Body composition
Sarcopenia
Muscle mass
Obesity treatment
Nutritional intervention
Categories
How to Cite
Abstract
Background: Obesity, now recognized as a disease, affects vital organs and often requires weight loss as a therapeutic approach, although this process may compromise muscle mass. Sarcopenic obesity, particularly prevalent among older adults, increases functional and metabolic risks when fat-free mass is not preserved. Drugs such as liraglutide, semaglutide, and tirzepatide offer metabolic benefits but must be paired with interventions that protect muscle health. This research aimed to analyze the interactions between nutrition and treatment with GLP-1 receptor agonists in weight management, with particular attention to the risk of muscle mass loss (sarcopenia). Methods: This systematic review rigorously examines available scientific evidence on the impact of dietary interventions combined with GLP-1 receptor agonists in weight management. It evaluates whether these strategies improve clinical and functional parameters such as insulin sensitivity, lipid profile, and body composition. Special attention is given to the risk of muscle loss, with the goal of identifying nutritional strategies that support physical functionality and metabolic health in individuals with obesity or type 2 diabetes. Results: The review followed PRISMA methodological guidelines, ensuring a clear and structured process. A total of 5,550 records were identified across PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. After applying selection criteria, 8 studies were included in the final analysis. Conclusion: The research highlights significant adverse effects, including reductions in fat-free mass, nutritional deficiencies, and potential impairments in physical functionality. This underscores a critical clinical challenge: achieving weight loss that is both effective and health-promoting, preserving muscle mass, strength, and overall patient well-being.
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