Ictus
type: channel
description: Ictus (Ictus) es una publicación periódica con revisión por pares, y es el órgano oficial de la Asociación Mexicana de Enfermedad Vascular Cerebral, A.C. Ictus recibe y publica artículos originales, así como cartas editoriales, casos clínicos, artículos de revisión e introspección de expertos , de las diferentes areas de la medicina. Ictus tiene todos los Derechos Reservados (C) Asociación Mexicana de Enfermedad Vascular Cerebral, A.C. y sus artículos son Open Access bajo licencia CC BY-NC-ND (Creative Commons — Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International — CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).
publisher: Grupo Editorial IPAO
language: en
publication name: Ictus
items: Post-stroke epilepsy
items: Intestinal Microbiota in Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke
items: Pseudoephedrine and Risk of Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES): Case Report in an Adult Patient
items: Boston 2.0 Criteria for Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy
items: Alteplase-induced Facial Orolingual Angioedema
items: Update on the Management of Acute Ischemic Stroke
items: Air Pollution-related Stroke in Guadalajara. A Call to Action
items: Atrial Fibrillation and Multi-infarct dementia
items: Cryptogenic Stroke, Review of the Mechanisms and Clinical Therapeutic Implications of a Complex Clinical Problem
items: Global Cerebral Infarction After In-hospital Cardiac Arrest
items: Could Treating Atrial Fibrillation Reduce the Risk of Cognitive Decline and Dementia?
items: Cerebrovascular disease in COVID-19, Review of its Pathological Mechanisms, Diagnostic Imaging and Therapeutic Implications
items: Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, review of mechanisms involved, diagnosis and management of a complex adverse event
items: Pseudotumoral Posterior Fossa Infarction
items: Neuroanatomic Basis of Language and Aphasia Secondary to Stroke
items: Seven Memos for the future of the Mexican Stroke Association
items: A New Hope in Basilar Occlusion
items: Woven Endobridge Device for Ruptured Aneurysm Within Middle Cerebral Artery Bifurcation
items: Cerebral Arterial Circle ¿The Circle of Willis?
items: Transverse Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis Secondary to ChAdOx1-S Vaccine (Recombinant). First Report in Northestern Colombia
items: Action in Schemic Stroke
items: Top of the Basilar Syndrome, Clinical Case Presentation and Literature Review
items: Oral Anticoagulants After Ischemic Stroke in Older Adults with Atrial Fibrillation
items: Abstracts of the First Joint Meeting AMEVASC/SIECV ictus2021
items: Popcorn Brain: Familial Multiple Cerebral Cavernomatosis
items: Stroke-induced Focal Status Epilepticus
items: Lateral Medullary Syndrome in Patients with Vertebral Artery Dissection: Case Series Illustration and Review of the Neuroanatomical Correlates
items: Mechanism of hemorrhagic stroke in the old patiens with COVID-19
items: Covid-19: Physiopathology and cerebrovascular complications
items: The thalamic hemorrhage and the wooden fan

Post-stroke epilepsy
type: item
description: Editorial on 'Post-Stroke Epilepsy' presented in volume 6, issue 1 of Ictus in 2026.
subject: Letter to the Editor
  topic: section
subject: Ictus
  topic: keywords
subject: Epilepsia
  topic: keywords
subject: Enfermedad Vascular Cerebral
  topic: keywords
creator: Paulina Elizabeth Bombon-Alban
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Paulina Elizabeth Bombón-Albán https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-01-13
publication date: 2026-01-13
starting page: e13012606001
ending page: e13012606001
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18235888

Intestinal Microbiota in Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke
type: item
description: Letter to the editor about "Intestinal Microbiota in Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke" published in volume 5, issue 3 of ICTUS.
subject: Letter to the Editor
  topic: section
subject: Editorial
  topic: category
subject: Intestinal microbiota
  topic: keywords
subject: Ischemic stroke
  topic: keywords
subject: Hemorrhagic stroke
  topic: keywords
creator: Paulina Elizabeth Bombón-Albán
creator: Johanna Vanessa Suárez-Salazar
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Paulina Elizabeth Bombón-Albán, Johanna Vanessa Suárez-Salazar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-12-02
publication date: 2025-12-02
starting page: e23112505004
ending page: e23112505004
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.17793715

Pseudoephedrine and Risk of Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES): Case Report in an Adult Patient
type: item
description: Clinical Image on 'Pseudoephedrine and the Risk of Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES): Case Report in an Adult Patient' presented in volume 5, Issue 1 of Ictus.
subject: Clinical Image
  topic: section
subject: Ischemic Stroke
  topic: category
subject: Epidemiology
  topic: category
subject: Pseudoephedrine
  topic: keywords
subject: Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome
  topic: keywords
creator: Jorge Andrés Hernández-Navas
creator: Diego Andrés Torres-Ardila
creator: Luis Andres Dulcey-Sarmiento
creator: Juan Sebastián Theran
creator: Jaime Gómez-Ayala
creator: Victor Barbosa-Navarro
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Jorge Andrés Hernández-Navas; Diego Andrés Torres-Ardila (Autor); Luis Andres Dulcey-Sarmiento, Juan Sebastian Theran, Jaime Gómez-Ayala, Víctor Barbosa-Navarro https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-03-08
publication date: 2025-03-08
starting page: e08032505003
ending page: e08032505003
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.15886568

Boston 2.0 Criteria for Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy
type: item
subject: Updates in Medicine
  topic: section
subject: Ischemic Stroke
  topic: category
subject: Intracerebral Hemorrhage
  topic: category
subject: Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
  topic: category
subject: Cerebral amyloid angiopathy
  topic: keywords
subject: Stroke
  topic: keywords
subject: Intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke
  topic: keywords
subject: Cognitive impairment
  topic: keywords
subject: Dementia
  topic: keywords
creator: Juan Antonio Sotelo-Ramirez
creator: Amado Jiménez-Ruiz
creator: Iván Roque-Sánchez
creator: Juan Carlos Ayala-Alvarez
creator: José Luis Ruiz-Sandoval
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Juan Antonio Sotelo-Ramirez (Autor); Amado Jiménez-Ruiz, Ivan Roque-Sánchez, Juan Carlos Ayala-Alvarez, José Luis Ruiz-Sandoval https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-01-02
publication date: 2025-01-02
starting page: e02012505002
ending page: e02012505002
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.14675943

Alteplase-induced Facial Orolingual Angioedema
type: item
description: Clinical snapshot on "Alteplase-induced Facial Orolingual Angioedema" presented in volume 5 issue 1 of ICTUS.
subject: Clinical Image
  topic: section
subject: Transient Ischemic Attack
  topic: category
subject: Cerebral Venous Thrombosis
  topic: category
subject: Thrombolysis
  topic: category
subject: alteplase
  topic: keywords
subject: stroke
  topic: keywords
subject: ACE inhibitor
  topic: keywords
subject: Facial orolingual angioedema
  topic: keywords
creator: Amado Jiménez-Ruiz
creator: Ricardo Gabriel Ascencio-Tene
creator: Juan Carlos Ayala-Alvarez
creator: Iván Roque-Sánchez
creator: Santiago Alba-Valencia
creator: Jose Luis Ruiz-Sandoval
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Amado Jiménez-Ruiz (Autor); Ricardo Gabriel Ascencio-Tene; Juan Carlos Ayala-Alvarez (Autor); Iván Roque-Sánchez; Santiago Alba-Valencia, Jose Luis Ruiz-Sandoval (Autor) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-01-16
publication date: 2025-01-16
starting page: e01012505001
ending page: e01012505001
doi: 10.5281/

Update on the Management of Acute Ischemic Stroke
type: item
description: Stroke is the second cause of morbidity and mortality in Chile. Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is a time-dependent therapy that is effective in reducing the probability of functional dependence in cases with arterial ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion and non-extensive infarcted tissue volume. With this approach, treatment can only be indicated for around 9% of total acute ischemic stroke (AIS) cases, so assessing additional situations that were not included in the pivotal trials has been the emphasis of multiple recently published studies. We, therefore conducted a systematic review of the literature published between January 2015 and May 2023, prioritizing clinical trials and meta-analyses of individual patients. Evidence on situations that to this day are controversial, such as intravenous thrombolytic bridging therapy, occlusion of medium caliber vessels, extensive ischemic core, low NIHSS, acute stent placement, and use of antiplatelet agents in the first 24 hours, intra-arterial adjuvant thrombolysis, TM in basilar artery occlusion and the radial approach in complex aortic arches. Expanding the indication for MT under new selection criteria, dispensing the use of advanced neuroimaging, and using adjuvant fibrinolytic or antiaggregant therapies in selected cases, seems to be the path to a paradigm shift that allows expanding the number of patients eligible for reperfusion therapy, without significantly increasing the complications associated with the intervention.
subject: Review Articles
  topic: section
subject: Ischemic Stroke
  topic: category
subject: Thrombolysis
  topic: category
subject: Thrombectomy
  topic: category
subject: Stroke
  topic: keywords
subject: Mechanical Thrombectomy
  topic: keywords
subject: ASPECTS
  topic: keywords
creator: Andres Gallardo
creator: Pablo Cox
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Andrés Gallardo, Pablo Cox https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2023-10-03
publication date: 2023-10-03
starting page: e31072304007
ending page: e31072304007
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.8403633

Air Pollution-related Stroke in Guadalajara. A Call to Action
type: item
description: Editorial on "Air Pollution-related Stroke in Guadalajara. A Call to Action" presented in volume 5 number 1 of 2024 of ICTUS.
subject: Letter to the Editor
  topic: section
subject: Editorial
  topic: category
subject: Ischemic Stroke
  topic: category
subject: Intracerebral Hemorrhage
  topic: category
subject: Ischemic Stroke
  topic: keywords
subject: Hemorrhagic stroke
  topic: keywords
subject: Air-pollution
  topic: keywords
creator: Fatima Gabriela Macias-Ortiz
creator: Victor Aguilar-Fuentes
creator: Amado Jimenez-Ruiz
creator: Jose Luis Ruiz-Sandoval
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Fatima Gabriela Macias-Ortiz; Victor Aguilar-Fuentes (Autor); Amado Jimenez-Ruiz; Jose Luis Ruiz-Sandoval (Revisor IPAO) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2024-05-29
publication date: 2024-05-29
starting page: e01012405001
ending page: e01012405001
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.14675851

Atrial Fibrillation and Multi-infarct dementia
type: item
description: Clinical snapshot on "Atrial Fibrillation and Multi-infarct Dementia" presented in volume 4 number 3 of 2023 of ICTUS.
subject: Clinical Image
  topic: section
subject: Ischemic Stroke
  topic: category
subject: Stroke
  topic: keywords
subject: Vascular dementia
  topic: keywords
subject: Cerebrovascular disease
  topic: keywords
creator: Amado Jimenez-Ruiz
creator: Victor Aguilar-Fuentes
creator: Jose Luis Ruiz-Sandoval
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Amado Jimenez-Ruiz; Victor Aguilar-Fuentes, Jose Luis Ruiz-Sandoval (Autor) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2024-05-28
publication date: 2024-05-28
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.11375380

Cryptogenic Stroke, Review of the Mechanisms and Clinical Therapeutic Implications of a Complex Clinical Problem
type: item
description: Cryptogenic stroke represents a heterogenous but clinically important collection of stroke etiologies for which our understanding continues to grow. Here, we review our current knowledge and most recent recommendations on secondary prevention for common causes of cryptogenic stroke including paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, atrial cardiopathy, patent foramen ovale, and substenotic atherosclerotic disease as well as the under-recognized mechanisms of occult malignancy, heart failure, and, most recently, infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The results from recent observational studies and randomized clinical trials have provided greater insight into the causal relationship and attributable risk of these suspected etiologies and have identified potential strategies to reduce the rates of recurrence. However, further clinical trials are needed to confirm the benefits of specific stroke prevention strategies, including the patient populations most likely to benefit from anticoagulation. There is ongoing research aimed at both reducing the proportion of ischemic strokes classified as cryptogenic and resolving much of the clinical equipoise that still exists. The results of these studies have the potential to provide us with a better understanding of these occult mechanisms and allow for more targeted interventions.
subject: Review Articles
  topic: section
subject: Transient Ischemic Attack
  topic: category
subject: Ischemic Stroke
  topic: category
subject: Cryptogenic stroke
  topic: keywords
subject: Atrial Fibrillation
  topic: keywords
subject: Heart failure
  topic: keywords
subject: Atrial cardiomiopathy
  topic: keywords
subject: malignancy
  topic: keywords
subject: COVID-19
  topic: keywords
creator: Luis Andres Dulcey-Sarmiento
creator: Juan Sebastián Theran-Leon
creator: Valentina Cabrera-Peña
creator: Rafael Guillermo Parales-Strauch
creator: Raimondo Caltagirone
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Luis Andrés Dulcey-Sarmiento, Juan Sebastián Theran-Leon, Valentina Cabrera-Peña, Rafael Guillermo Parales-Strauch, Raimondo Caltagirone https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2023-04-18
publication date: 2023-04-18
starting page: e18042304006
ending page: e18042304006
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.7843972

Global Cerebral Infarction After In-hospital Cardiac Arrest
type: item
description: Clinical Image on "Global Cerebral Infarction After Hospital Cardiac Arrest" presented in volume 4 issue 1 of 2023 of Ictus.
subject: Clinical Image
  topic: section
subject: Ischemic Stroke
  topic: category
subject: Ishcemic stroke
  topic: keywords
subject: Brain death
  topic: keywords
subject: Cardiac arrest
  topic: keywords
creator: Amado Jiménez-Ruiz
creator: Fernando Benavides-Gómez
creator: Omar Cardenas-Saenz
creator: Enrique Gomez-Figueroa
creator: José Luis Ruiz-Sandoval
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Amado Jiménez-Ruiz, Fernando Benavides-Gómez, Omar Cardenas-Saenz, Enrique Gomez-Figueroa, José Luis Ruiz-Sandoval (Autor) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2023-02-23
publication date: 2023-02-23
starting page: e23022304004
ending page: e23022304004
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.7672014

Could Treating Atrial Fibrillation Reduce the Risk of Cognitive Decline and Dementia?
type: item
description: Letter to the Editor on "Could Treating Atrial Fibrillation Reduce the Risk of Cognitive Decline and Dementia?" presented in Volume 4 Issue 1 of 2023 of ICTUS.
subject: Letter to the Editor
  topic: section
subject: Ischemic Stroke
  topic: category
subject: Dementia
  topic: keywords
subject: Anticoagulation
  topic: keywords
subject: cognitive impairment
  topic: keywords
subject: Atrial Fibrillation
  topic: keywords
creator: Paulina Elizabeth Bombon-Alban
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Paulina Elizabeth Bombon-Alban https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2023-02-23
publication date: 2023-02-23
starting page: e23022304003
ending page: e23022304003
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.7671008

Cerebrovascular disease in COVID-19, Review of its Pathological Mechanisms, Diagnostic Imaging and Therapeutic Implications
type: item
description: Acute cerebrovascular disease, particularly ischemic stroke, has emerged as a serious complication of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. The accumulation of data on stroke patients associated with COVID-19 has shed light on specificities related to clinical presentation, neuroimaging findings, and their outcomes. Such specificities include a propensity for large-vessel occlusion, multiterritorial stroke, and involvement of otherwise uncommonly affected vessels. In contrast, cerebral small vessel disease, cerebral venous thrombosis, and intracerebral hemorrhage appear to be less common. Cases presenting with encephalopathy or encephalitis with seizures presaging stroke were particularly challenging. The pathogenesis and optimal management of ischemic stroke associated with COVID-19 remain uncertain, but emerging evidence suggests that cytokine storm-triggered coagulopathy and endotheliopathy represent possible target mechanisms. Some specific management issues in this population include the difficulty in identifying clinical signs of stroke in critically ill patients in the intensive care unit, as well as the need for a protected pathway for brain imaging, intravenous thrombolysis, and mechanical thrombectomy, considering that "time is brain" also for patients with COVID-19.
subject: Review Articles
  topic: section
subject: Ischemic Stroke
  topic: category
subject: Intracerebral Hemorrhage
  topic: category
subject: Epidemiology
  topic: category
subject: SARS-CoV-2
  topic: keywords
subject: Coronavirus
  topic: keywords
subject: Cerebrovascular disease
  topic: keywords
subject: Coagulopathy
  topic: keywords
subject: Hemorrhagic stroke
  topic: keywords
subject: Neurological complications
  topic: keywords
creator: Luis Andres Dulcey-Sarmiento
creator: Juan Sebastian Theran-Leon
creator: Valentina Cabrera-Peña
creator: Rafael Guillermo Parales-Strauch
creator: Riamondo Caltagirone
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Ictus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-01-31
publication date: 2023-01-31
starting page: e31012304001
ending page: e31012304001
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.7590860

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, review of mechanisms involved, diagnosis and management of a complex adverse event
type: item
description: Heparin induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is an immune mediated disorder caused by antibodies that recognize complexes of platelet factor 4 and heparin. Thrombosis is a central and unpredictable feature of this syndrome. Despite optimal management, disease morbidity and mortality from thrombosis remain high. The hypercoagulable state in HIT is biologically distinct from other thrombophilic disorders in that clinical complications are directly attributable to circulating ultra-large immune complexes (ULIC). In some individuals, ULIC elicit unchecked cellular procoagulant responses that culminate in thrombosis. To date, the clinical and biologic risk factors associated with thrombotic risk in HIT remain elusive. This review will summarize our current understanding of thrombosis in HIT with attention to its clinical features, cellular mechanisms, and its management.
subject: Review Articles
  topic: section
subject: Ischemic Stroke
  topic: category
subject: Epidemiology
  topic: category
subject: Heparin
  topic: keywords
subject: Thrombocytopenia
  topic: keywords
subject: Thrombosis
  topic: keywords
subject: Platelets
  topic: keywords
creator: Luis Andres Dulcey-Sarmiento
creator: Juan Sebastián Theran-Leon
creator: Valentina Cabrera-Peña
creator: Rafael Guillermo Parales-Strauch
creator: Riamondo Caltagirone
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Ictus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-02-01
publication date: 2023-02-01
starting page: e01022304002
ending page: e01022304002
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.7595442

Pseudotumoral Posterior Fossa Infarction
type: item
description: Clinical Image of "Pseudotumoral Posterior Fossa Infarction" presented in volume 4 issue 1 of 2023 of ICTUS.
subject: Clinical Image
  topic: section
subject: Ischemic Stroke
  topic: category
subject: Pseudotumoral
  topic: keywords
subject: Posterior Fossa
  topic: keywords
subject: Ischemic stroke
  topic: keywords
creator: Amado Jiménez-Ruiz
creator: Juan Carlos Ayala-Alvarez
creator: Rebeca Soledad Gamboa-Gauna
creator: Naomi Nazareth Becerra-Aguiar
creator: José Luis Ruiz-Sandoval
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Amado Jiménez-Ruiz, Juan Carlos Ayala-Alvarez, Rebeca Soledad Gamboa-Gauna, Naomi Nazareth Becerra-Aguiar, José Luis Ruiz-Sandoval (Autor) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2023-03-25
publication date: 2023-03-25
starting page: e25032304005
ending page: e25032304005
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.7770061

Neuroanatomic Basis of Language and Aphasia Secondary to Stroke
type: item
description: The functional neuroanatomy of language processing has not been fully elucidated. The known anatomical basis of speech have been proposed by various researchers, who have integrated different models of the brain regions involved. In this work, we address: historical aspects of the study of language (from Paul Broca until Hickok and Poeppel); some of the regions of the cerebral cortex that participate in the processing of speech, connected through the white matter; the proposed language models (Charcot, Grasset, Wernicke, Geschwind and dual model for auditory language processing); generalities of aphasias (causes and types); post-stroke aphasia and its treatment; and impact of neuronal plasticity in the treatment of aphasia.
subject: Review Articles
  topic: section
subject: Ischemic Stroke
  topic: category
subject: History of Vascular Neurology
  topic: category
subject: Language
  topic: keywords
subject: Aphasia
  topic: keywords
subject: Stroke
  topic: keywords
subject: Cerebral plasticity
  topic: keywords
creator: Lucinda Aguirre-Cruz
creator: Alejandro Israel Landero Sánchez
creator: Adolfo Leyva Rendón
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Ictus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2022-12-03
publication date: 2022-12-03
starting page: e03132203013
ending page: e03132203013
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.7394312

Seven Memos for the future of the Mexican Stroke Association
type: item
description: Editorial presented by the President of AMEVASC Dr. Juan Manuel Calleja-Castillo for issue 3 number 3 of ICTUS, Journal of the Mexican Stroke Association.
subject: Editorial
  topic: section
subject: Editorial
  topic: category
subject: editorial
  topic: keywords
subject: stroke
  topic: keywords
subject: AMEVASC
  topic: keywords
creator: Juan Manuel Calleja-Castillo
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Ictus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2022-09-07
publication date: 2022-09-07
starting page: e07092203012
ending page: e07092203012
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.7057664

A New Hope in Basilar Occlusion
type: item
description: Editorial on basilar artery thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke presented in volume 3 issue 2 of Ictus, Journal of the Mexican Association of Cerebral Vascular Disease.
subject: Editorial
  topic: section
subject: stroke
  topic: keywords
subject: thrombectomy
  topic: keywords
subject: basilar artery
  topic: keywords
subject: basilar oclussion
  topic: keywords
creator: Fernando Daniel Flores-Silva
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Ictus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2022-06-24
publication date: 2022-06-24
starting page: e24062206010
ending page: e24062206010
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.6723361

Woven Endobridge Device for Ruptured Aneurysm Within Middle Cerebral Artery Bifurcation
type: item
description: Introduction: Intracranial aneurysms represent an abnormal dilatation on the arterial wall of the cerebral vessels. There is a controversy about the best treatment for ruptured aneurysms located at the middle cerebral artery bifurcation. Case Report: 63-year-old male, presented with left facial paralysis and ipsilateral paresthesia associated with right palpebral ptosis. CT Angiography revealed bleeding in the subarachnoid space, Fisher grade I and the presence of a ruptured, wide neck saccular aneurysm in right middle cerebral artery. Given the size and shape of this wide neck aneurysm (5 mm neck dimension, 7.4 mm height/neck aspect radio and dome/neck radio of 7.43mm.) added to its location, we considered the usage of Woven Endobridge device for endovascular embolization. The device was suitable because of its preferred wide-neck indication (mayor/igual 4mm). Conclusions. Mexico´s experience with intracranial WEB device remains scarce, therefore, pointing out different therapeutic options but neurosurgical clipping highly benefits patients in our country.
subject: Téchnical Note
  topic: section
subject: Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
  topic: category
subject: Aneurysm
  topic: keywords
subject: Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
  topic: keywords
subject: WEB
  topic: keywords
subject: Neurología endovascular
  topic: disciplines
creator: Humberto Montano-Tello
creator: Fabiola Eunice Serrano-Arias
creator: Diego Lopez-Mena
creator: Jorge Luis Balderrama-Bañares
creator: Hector Alfredo Montenegro-Rosales
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Ictus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2022-07-09
publication date: 2022-07-09
starting page: e09072203011
ending page: e09072203011
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.6814159

Cerebral Arterial Circle ¿The Circle of Willis?
type: item
description: The Circle fo Willis is a particular formation of vessels located at the base of the brain. At some point it was named after Thomas Willis, an eminent English scientist who in his work, Cerebri Anatome, details the anatomy of the nervous system as no one before had done, particularly with regard to its vasculature. However, the historical path of descriptions of the circle of Willis until before Willis, is quite long. Many anatomists, doctors and other scientists had already made an approximation to this network of arteries, years or even centuries before Willis. So, behind the polygon name of Willis, there are many other names that deserve to be recognized.
subject: Vascular Neurology History
  topic: section
subject: History of Vascular Neurology
  topic: category
subject: Circle of Willis
  topic: keywords
subject: Vascular Neurology
  topic: keywords
subject: Anatomy
  topic: keywords
subject: Cerebri Anatome
  topic: keywords
subject: Eponym
  topic: keywords
subject: Vascular Neurology History
  topic: disciplines
creator: Ernesto Ochoa-Monroy
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Ictus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2022-06-03
publication date: 2022-06-03
starting page: e03062203009
ending page: e03062203009
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.6611481

Transverse Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis Secondary to ChAdOx1-S Vaccine (Recombinant). First Report in Northestern Colombia
type: item
description: Introduction: Adverse events related to vaccines are reactions that can lead to serious complications, in the present that we live at the publication of this article with the need to generate high rates of vaccination have been presented in the case of vaccine agents against COVID-19 adverse events, with thrombotic events being the most important. Case Report: This is a 37-year-old female patient who presents 11 days after ChAdOx1-S vaccination against COVID-19 presents with intense headache associated with symptoms of intracranial hypertension, she was initially taken to simple cranial tomography showing presence of cerebral edema and indirect signs of cerebral venous thrombosis, it is proposed to carry out cerebral angiography which showed the presence of thrombosis of both transverse venous sinuses, no hypercoagulability states were found in the laboratories, the immunological tests carried out for antiphospholipid syndrome were negative, the thrombotic event was associated with the ChAdOx1-S vaccine, later the patient was taken to thrombectomy by Neuroradiology, achieving complete channeling of both transverse venous sinuses. Conclusions. Adverse events associated with vaccination have been described with multiple vaccine agents, this component against COVID-19 is also an event to consider, knowing the pathophysiology of these events is essential to be able to reduce these risks and select the least risky agent. Despite this risk, vaccination remains the only cost-effective measure to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with COVID-19.
subject: Case Report
  topic: section
subject: Cerebral Venous Thrombosis
  topic: category
subject: Epidemiology
  topic: category
subject: Thrombectomy
  topic: category
subject: Vaccine
  topic: keywords
subject: Coronavirus
  topic: keywords
subject: Cerebral Venous Thrombosis
  topic: keywords
subject: Neurology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Stroke
  topic: disciplines
creator: Luis Andrés Dulcey-Sarmiento
creator: Jhon Fredy Castillo-Blanco
creator: Juan Sebastián Theran-Leon
creator: Raimondo Caltagirone-Miceli
creator: Melissa Julieth Aguas-Cantillo
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Ictus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2022-06-01
publication date: 2022-06-01
starting page: e01062206008
ending page: e01062206008
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.6603364

Action in Schemic Stroke
type: item
description: The quality of stroke care begins with the standardization of hospital processes. We present a visually accessible resource for the complex-care process of acute ischemic stroke. The purpose of this tool is to facilitate decision-making in the management of acute ischemic stroke in any emergency room and to generate a significant impact on the quality of care, reducing median delay times and promoting efficiency and safety in each of its steps.
subject: Letter to the Editor
  topic: section
subject: Ischemic Stroke
  topic: category
subject: Infarto Cerebral
  topic: keywords
subject: Trombólisis intravenosa
  topic: keywords
subject: Trombectomía mecánica
  topic: keywords
subject: Prevención secundaria
  topic: keywords
subject: Neurología
  topic: disciplines
subject: EVC isquémico
  topic: disciplines
subject: Medicina Interna
  topic: disciplines
subject: Neurología Vascular
  topic: disciplines
creator: Eduardo Argüelles-González
creator: Vanessa Cano-Nigenda
creator: Diego López-Mena
creator: Héctor Eduardo Valdez-Ruvalcaba
creator: Antonio Arauz
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Ictus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2022-05-25
publication date: 2022-05-25
starting page: e25052203005
ending page: e25052203005
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.6582402

Top of the Basilar Syndrome, Clinical Case Presentation and Literature Review
type: item
description: Cerebral vascular disease includes hemorrhagic and ischemic pathologies, because of the risk factors that prevail in our population, the ischemic spectrum is the most common. Of the ischemic-type, only 20% compromise the posterior circulation, the behavior of this events is usually benign, however, occlusion of the basilar artery has serious neurological repercussions, hence the importance of making an early diagnosis and an early therapeutic intervention that improves the prognosis and recovery of these patients. We present the clinical report of top basilar syndrome, a rare entity, and a review of the literature. There are no studies that report the incidence of this syndrome in Mexico, which is probably the result of underdiagnosis in our country.
subject: Case Report
  topic: section
subject: Ischemic Stroke
  topic: category
subject: Basilar Artery
  topic: keywords
subject: Top of Basilar
  topic: keywords
subject: Cerebral Ischemic Vascular Disease
  topic: keywords
subject: Posterior Cerebral Infarction
  topic: keywords
subject: Neurology
  topic: disciplines
creator: Perla Karina Anzures-Gómez
creator: César Camacho-Becerra
creator: José Antonio Castro-Rubio
creator: Sebastián León-Vallejo
creator: Gustavo González-González
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Ictus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2022-05-28
publication date: 2022-05-28
starting page: e28052203006
ending page: e28052203006
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.6590179

Oral Anticoagulants After Ischemic Stroke in Older Adults with Atrial Fibrillation
type: item
description: Letter to the editor about Oral Anticoagulants After Ischemic Stroke in Older Adults with Atrial Fibrillation, published in Ictus volume 3 issue 2.
subject: Letter to the Editor
  topic: section
subject: Ischemic Stroke
  topic: category
subject: anticoagulation
  topic: keywords
subject: ischemic stroke
  topic: keywords
subject: direct anticoagulants
  topic: keywords
subject: ischemic stroke
  topic: disciplines
creator: Paulina Elizabeth Bombon-Alban
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Ictus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2022-05-30
publication date: 2022-05-30
starting page: e30052203007
ending page: e30052203007
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.6595344

Abstracts of the First Joint Meeting AMEVASC/SIECV ictus2021
type: item
description: Abstracts of the first joint annual meeting "ictus2021" of the "Asociación Mexicana de Enfermedad Vascular Cerebral (AMEVASC)" and the " Sociedad Iberoamericana de Enfermedades Cerebrovasculares (SIECV)" in October 2021.
subject: Supplement
  topic: section
subject: Editorial
  topic: category
subject: stroke
  topic: keywords
subject: cerebrovascular diseases
  topic: keywords
subject: abstracts
  topic: keywords
subject: stroke
  topic: disciplines
subject: neurology
  topic: disciplines
creator: Carlos Alberto Espinoza-Casillas
creator: Luis Manuel Murillo-Bonilla
creator: Juan Manuel Calleja-Castillo
creator: Miguel Barboza
creator: Carolina León-Jiménez
creator: Antonio Arauz-Góngora
creator: José Luis Ruiz-Sandoval
creator: Erwin Chiquete-Anaya
creator: Carlos Cantú-Brito
creator: Fernando Góngora-Rivera
creator: Juan Manuel Márquez-Romero
creator: Nelson Novarro
creator: Carlos Abanto-Argomedo
creator: Ildefonso Rodríguez-Leyva
creator: Bertha Torres-Oliva
creator: Adolfo Leyva-Rendón
creator: Germán Pérez-Romero
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Ictus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2022-01-18
publication date: 2022-01-18
starting page: e17012203004
ending page: e17012203004
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.5866825

Popcorn Brain: Familial Multiple Cerebral Cavernomatosis
type: item
description: Introduction. Cerebral vascular malformations are a heterogeneous group of disorders with several clinical manifestations. Cerebral Cavernous Malformations (CCM) are defined by dilated vascular spaces, with a single layer of endothelium, no mature vessel wall, and no intervening brain parenchyma. CCM may be sporadic or have an autosomal dominant hereditary pattern. Case Report. Here we present the case of a 31-year-old male with a medical history of multiple vascular malformations, difficult to treat epilepsy, and multiple hemorrhagic strokes. At initial evaluation the patient revealed mild dysarthria, left hemiparesis 4/5, hyperreflexia, left dysdiadochokinesia and dysmetria with a modified Rankin scale (mRS) score of 1. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the brain showed multiple supra and infratentorial parenchymal lesions with heterogeneous components on T1-weighted and T2-weighted sequences, surrounded by a rim of signal loss, demonstrating a “popcorn” appearance on Susceptibility-Weighted Angiography (SWAN) MRI. Molecular testing reported a heterozygous KRIT1 c.1099dup (p. His367Profs*3). Screening of fist degree relatives was performed, and antiepileptic treatment was adjusted. As of today, our patient has a mRS of 3, with refractary epileptic seizures. Conclusion. Symptomatic CCM must receive targeted medical treatment with a multidisciplinary approach. If a patient presents with more than one lesion, a familial case should be suspected, molecular testing and a screening head computed tomography should be done in first degree relatives. It is important to follow-up any patient with CCM with an annual MRI to monitor the size and number of lesions, symptomatic medical treatment is indicated, and surgical treatment should also be assessed.
subject: Case Report
  topic: section
subject: Vascular Malformations
  topic: category
subject: cavernoma
  topic: keywords
subject: familial cavernomatosis
  topic: keywords
subject: magnetic resonance imaging
  topic: keywords
subject: structural epilepsy
  topic: keywords
subject: Stroke
  topic: disciplines
creator: Fernanda Menéndez-Manjarrez
creator: Juan J. Méndez-Gallardo
creator: Vanessa Cano-Nigenda
creator: Roberto Toledo-Treviño
creator: Antonio Arauz
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Ictus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2022-01-14
publication date: 2022-01-14
starting page: e14012203002
ending page: e14012203002
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.5851080

Stroke-induced Focal Status Epilepticus
type: item
description: Clinical Imagen presented in issue 3 number 1 of Ictus, Journal of the Mexican Stroke Association.
subject: Clinical Image
  topic: section
subject: Ischemic Stroke
  topic: category
subject: Status Epilepticus
  topic: keywords
subject: Stroke
  topic: keywords
subject: Epilepsy
  topic: keywords
subject: Ischemic Stroke
  topic: keywords
subject: Neurocritical
  topic: keywords
subject: Stroke
  topic: disciplines
creator: Amado Jiménez-Ruiz
creator: Fernando Benavides-Gómez
creator: Mónica Salmerón-Mercado
creator: Jose Luis Ruiz-Sandoval
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Ictus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2022-01-14
publication date: 2022-01-14
starting page: e14012203001
ending page: e14012203001
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.5850784

Lateral Medullary Syndrome in Patients with Vertebral Artery Dissection: Case Series Illustration and Review of the Neuroanatomical Correlates
type: item
description: Introduction: Lateral medullary syndrome (LMS) is the most common of the crossed brainstem syndromes involving the posterior circulation. There are several patterns of sensory dysfunction according to the site of lesion. Although some sources still cite cardioembolism or atherothrombosis as the main causes of lateral medullary infarctions, it is increasingly recognized vertebral artery dissection (VAD) as the chief etiology. Methods: We report on nine patients presenting with LMS due to confirmed VAD in predominantly young individuals (6 men, age range 23-54 years). Results: Most patients presented with sudden headache or neck pain, ataxia and nystagmus (n=7). On neurological examination the majority (n=7) had crossed sensory loss of the classical Wallenberg pattern and all but two had Horner syndrome. At 6-month follow-up no deaths or recurrences were observed: five patients were completely asymptomatic, three patients persisted with mild or moderate deficits and one was unable to walk without assistance. Seven patients had dysphagia that evolved unevenly within the 6-month follow-up period. We also discuss on the clinical and neuroanatomical correlates behind the LMS variants. Conclusions: VAD should be suspected in patients presenting with LMS and headache or neck pain. Given the intricacy of the medulla anatomy and the serendipitous nature of ischemia after VAD, a missing sign from the original Wallenberg’s description is not incompatible with a lateral medullary infarction.
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Ischemic Stroke
  topic: category
subject: Artery dissection
  topic: keywords
subject: lateral medullary syndrome
  topic: keywords
subject: stroke
  topic: keywords
subject: Wallenberg
  topic: keywords
subject: Stroke
  topic: disciplines
creator: Mónica M. Chavarría-Medina
creator: Víctor García-Barrera
creator: Dulce A. Espinoza-López
creator: Carlos Cantú-Brito
creator: Erwin Chiquete-Anaya
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Ictus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2022-01-17
publication date: 2022-01-17
starting page: e17012203003
ending page: e17012203003
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.5865537

Mechanism of hemorrhagic stroke in the old patiens with COVID-19
type: item
description: Letter to de editor received for volume 2 number 3 of ICTUS, official organ of the Mexican Association of Cerebral Vascular Disease.
subject: Letter to the Editor
  topic: section
subject: Editorial
  topic: category
subject: Intracerebral Hemorrhage
  topic: category
subject: Hemorrhagic stroke
  topic: keywords
subject: COVID-19
  topic: keywords
subject: SARS-CoV2
  topic: keywords
subject: Old patient
  topic: keywords
creator: Paulina Elizabeth BOMBON ALBAN
rights: Copyright (c) 2021 Ictus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2021-09-02
publication date: 2021-09-02
starting page: e01092102017
ending page: e01092102017
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.5368819

Covid-19: Physiopathology and cerebrovascular complications
type: item
description: Since the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic, multiple associated symptoms have been described, pointing out the neurological symptoms contributing to increase in mortality, amongst them, the stroke; therefore we carried out a bibliographic review to understand the physiopathology of COVID-19 that may trigger a stroke, either ischemic or haemorrhagic; it is stated that it is associated to a hypercoagulability status due to the interaction of the virus with its main pathway of entry, this being the Angiotensin Converting Enzyme-2. A conclusion has been reached that the presence of COVID-19 in conjunction with comorbidities and cardiovascular risk factors of the patient, lead to develop it in a more catastrophic way. In regards to the management of stroke secondary to COVID-19 infection, the usual treatment both acute as well as for secondary prevention has been used, however, a high rate of morbidity and mortality has been detected, particularly with cases of haemorrhagic stroke; it is currently recommended the use of anticoagulants in an individualized way. Despite the studies obtained on its pathophysiology, it is not clear what events trigger an stroke whilst infected with COVID-19, however, they are all aimed at the condition of hypercoagulability, endothelial dysfunction and microthrombosis, derived from the binding of viral glycoprotein S (spike) to angiotensine converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) causing alteration in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), so it is necessary to wait for more studies and results to know fully the relationship of COVID-19 with the presence of stroke.
subject: Review Articles
  topic: section
subject: Ischemic Stroke
  topic: category
subject: Intracerebral Hemorrhage
  topic: category
subject: Epidemiology
  topic: category
subject: COVID-19
  topic: keywords
subject: SARS-CoV-2
  topic: keywords
subject: Stroke
  topic: keywords
subject: Cerebrovascular diseases
  topic: keywords
subject: Pathophysiology
  topic: keywords
creator: Adolfo Leyva Rendón
creator: Nadia Hernández Méndez
rights: Copyright (c) 2021 Ictus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2021-09-05
publication date: 2021-09-05
starting page: e05092102018
ending page: e05092102018
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.5454665

The thalamic hemorrhage and the wooden fan
type: item
description: Editorial published in volume 2 issue 3 of ICTUS, Official Organ of scientific dissemination of the Mexican Stroke Association "AMEVASC".
subject: Editorial
  topic: section
subject: Editorial
  topic: category
subject: Intracerebral Hemorrhage
  topic: category
subject: Hemorrhagic stroke
  topic: keywords
creator: Armando Jiménez-Ruiz
rights: Copyright (c) 2021 Ictus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2021-09-02
publication date: 2021-09-02
starting page: e01092102016
ending page: e01092102016
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.5369177